It is described in the WMO GRIB2 Document FM92-X11 GRIB. (see: NCEP WMO GRIB2 Documentation, provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), it has complete tables, but is missing the notes and regulations.) The problem, when the NDFD first came out, was that the only way to decode a GRIB2 message was to use the GRIB2 library. G2grb.gs enables GrADS to write grib2 files rNOMADS R interface for NOAA weather data grb1to2.pl grib1 to grib2 converter wgrib2api, a fortran API for reading/writing grib2 Status. The code is being developed on a Redhat linux x8664 platform in standard (POSIX) C. The wgrib2 source code requires an integer size of 32 or more bits. Wesley Ebisuzaki wrote in Introduction to GRIB2 using the GFS forecasts: GRIB2 is a transmission format so compression is a high priority. Starting with a GFS forecast file, converting it to netcdf-3 increases the file size by 6.4 times. This is why I warn against converting from GRIB2 to GRIB1 or NetCDF for most users.
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grib_compare examples
The default behaviour for grib_compare without any option is to perform a bit by bit comparison of the two messages. If the messages are found to be bitwise different then grib_compare switches to a 'key based' mode to find out which coded keys are different. To see how grib_compare works we first set the shortName=2d (2 metre dew point temperature) in the file regular_latlon_surface.grib1
grib_copy examples
To copy only the pressure levels from a file
To copy only the fields that are not on pressure levels from a file
To copy only the first three fields from a file
Adobe flash player 10 mac. Movavi video editor plus 2020 20 2 16. A grib_file with multi field messages can be converted in single field messages with a simple grib_copy.
Use the square brackets to insert the value of a key in the name of the output file (This is a good way to split a large GRIB file)
Note: we need to quote the name of the output so the shell does not interpret the square brackets
To copy fields whose typeOfLevel is either 'surface' or 'meanSea'
To copy selected fields and apply sorting (sorted by level in ascending order)
Note: we need to specify the ':i' to get a numerical sort. By default values are sorted as strings so a level of 100 would come before 20!
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grib_dump examples
To dump in a WMO documentation style with hexadecimal octet values (-H).
To add key aliases and type information.
To obtain all the key names (computed keys included) available in a grib file.
grib_filter examples
The grib_filter processes sequentially all grib messages contained in the input files and applies the rules to each one of them. Input messages can be written to the output by using the 'write' statement. The write statement can be parameterised so that output is sent to multiple files depending on key values used in the output file name. If we write a rules_file containing the only statement:
Applying this rules_file to the './data/tigge_pf_ecmwf.grib2' grib file we obtain several files in the ./data/split directory containing fields split according to their key values
The key values in the file name can also be obtained in a different format by indicating explicitly the type required after a colon.
- :i for integer
- :d for double
- :s for string
The following statement works in a slightly different way from the previous example, including in the output file name the integer values for centre and dataType.
Running the same command again we obtain a different list of files.
Other statements are allowed in the grib_filter syntax:
- if ( condition ) { block of rules } else { block of rules } The condition can be made using ,!= and joining single block conditions with || and && The statement can be any valid statement also another nested condition
- set keyname = keyvalue;
- print 'string to print also with key values like in the file name'
- transient keyname1 = keyname2;
- comments beginning with #
- defined(keyname) to check if a key is defined in a message
- missing(keyname) to check if the value of the key is set to MISSING (Note: This does not apply to codetable keys)
- To set a key value to MISSING, use 'set key=MISSING;' (note the case)
- You can also make an assertion with 'assert(condition)'. If condition is false, it will abort the filter.
A complex example of grib_filter rules is the following to change temperature in a grib edition 1 file.
Here is an example of an IF statement comparing a key with a string. Note you have to use the 'is' keyword for strings and not ', and to negate you add the '!' before the whole condition:
The switch statement is an enhanced version of the if statement. Its syntax is the following:
The value of the key given as argument to the switch statement is matched against the values specified in the case statements. If there is a match, then the statements corresponding to the matching case are executed. Otherwise, the default case is executed. The default case is mandatory if the case statements do not cover all the possibilities. The '~' operator can be used to match 'anything'. The following is an example of the switch statement:
grib_get examples
grib_get fails if a key is not found.
If you want to define your missing value=1111 and to print the string 'missing' in place of it
If you want to print the value of other keys with the data value list
grib_index_build examples
By default grib_index_build will index on the MARS keys.
To specify a custom list of keys to index on, use the -k option.
grib_ls examples
Without options a default list of keys is printed. The default list is different depending on the type of grib message.
To print offset and count number in file use the keys offset and count Also the total count in a set of files is available as countTotal
To list only a subset of messages use the -w (where option). Only the pressure levels are listed with the following line.
All the grib messages not on pressure levels are listed as follows:
To get the closest grid point to a latitude/longitude.
To get a list ordered by the 'level' key (ascending order).
Note: we need to specify the ':i' to get a numerical sort. By default values are sorted as strings so a level of 100 would come before 20!
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grib_set examples
To set productDefinitionTemplateNumber=2 only for the fields with productDefinitionTemplateNumber=11
To set productDefinitionTemplateNumber=2 only for the fields for which productDefinitionTemplateNumber is not equal to 11
When a key is not used all the bits of its value should be set to 1 to indicate that it is missing. Since the length (number of octet) is different from a key to another, the value that we have to code for missing keys is not unique. To give an easy way to set a key to missing a string 'missing' or 'MISSING' is accepted by grib_set as follows:
Since some values can not be set to missing you can get an error for those keys.
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To set scaleFactorOfSecondFixedSurface to missing only for the fields for which scaleFactorOfSecondFixedSurface is not missing:
It is possible to produce a GRIB edition 2 file from a GRIB edition 1 by just changing the edition number with grib_set. However it is important that you carefully inspect the output and check the information is correctly translated.
For more details please see: https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/ECC/GRIB%3A+Converting+edition+1+to+2
With grib edition 2 is possible to compress data using the jpeg algorithm. To change packing algorithm from grid_simple (simple packing) to grid_jpeg (jpeg2000 packing):
It's possible to ask ecCodes to calculate the number of bits per value needed to pack a given field with a fixed number of decimal digits of precision. For example if we want to pack a temperature expressed in Kelvin with 1 digits of precision after the decimal point we can set changeDecimalPrecision=1
grib_to_netcdf examples
Produce a NetCDF file from grib edition 1
If your grib file has analysis and 6-hour forecast, then ignore keys 'type' and 'step'. Thus type=an/fc and step=00/06 will not be considered as netcdf dimensions.
Do not use time of validity. If time of validity is used, it means the 1D time coordinate is considered as date+time+step, otherwise 3 different dimensions are created. The default behaviour is to use the time of validity.
Produce NetCDF with data type of FLOAT (32bit floating-point, for higher precision). Note these types were chosen to provide a reasonably wide range of trade-offs between data precision and number of bits required for each value
Set the netcdf dimension 'time' to be unlimited i.e. time can have unlimited length so variables using this dimension can grow along this dimension.
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grib_compare examples
The default behaviour for grib_compare without any option is to perform a bit by bit comparison of the two messages. If the messages are found to be bitwise different then grib_compare switches to a 'key based' mode to find out which coded keys are different. To see how grib_compare works we first set the shortName=2d (2 metre dew point temperature) in the file regular_latlon_surface.grib1
grib_copy examples
To copy only the pressure levels from a file
To copy only the fields that are not on pressure levels from a file
To copy only the first three fields from a file
Adobe flash player 10 mac. Movavi video editor plus 2020 20 2 16. A grib_file with multi field messages can be converted in single field messages with a simple grib_copy.
Use the square brackets to insert the value of a key in the name of the output file (This is a good way to split a large GRIB file)
Note: we need to quote the name of the output so the shell does not interpret the square brackets
To copy fields whose typeOfLevel is either 'surface' or 'meanSea'
To copy selected fields and apply sorting (sorted by level in ascending order)
Note: we need to specify the ':i' to get a numerical sort. By default values are sorted as strings so a level of 100 would come before 20!
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grib_dump examples
To dump in a WMO documentation style with hexadecimal octet values (-H).
To add key aliases and type information.
To obtain all the key names (computed keys included) available in a grib file.
grib_filter examples
The grib_filter processes sequentially all grib messages contained in the input files and applies the rules to each one of them. Input messages can be written to the output by using the 'write' statement. The write statement can be parameterised so that output is sent to multiple files depending on key values used in the output file name. If we write a rules_file containing the only statement:
Applying this rules_file to the './data/tigge_pf_ecmwf.grib2' grib file we obtain several files in the ./data/split directory containing fields split according to their key values
The key values in the file name can also be obtained in a different format by indicating explicitly the type required after a colon.
- :i for integer
- :d for double
- :s for string
The following statement works in a slightly different way from the previous example, including in the output file name the integer values for centre and dataType.
Running the same command again we obtain a different list of files.
Other statements are allowed in the grib_filter syntax:
- if ( condition ) { block of rules } else { block of rules } The condition can be made using ,!= and joining single block conditions with || and && The statement can be any valid statement also another nested condition
- set keyname = keyvalue;
- print 'string to print also with key values like in the file name'
- transient keyname1 = keyname2;
- comments beginning with #
- defined(keyname) to check if a key is defined in a message
- missing(keyname) to check if the value of the key is set to MISSING (Note: This does not apply to codetable keys)
- To set a key value to MISSING, use 'set key=MISSING;' (note the case)
- You can also make an assertion with 'assert(condition)'. If condition is false, it will abort the filter.
A complex example of grib_filter rules is the following to change temperature in a grib edition 1 file.
Here is an example of an IF statement comparing a key with a string. Note you have to use the 'is' keyword for strings and not ', and to negate you add the '!' before the whole condition:
The switch statement is an enhanced version of the if statement. Its syntax is the following:
The value of the key given as argument to the switch statement is matched against the values specified in the case statements. If there is a match, then the statements corresponding to the matching case are executed. Otherwise, the default case is executed. The default case is mandatory if the case statements do not cover all the possibilities. The '~' operator can be used to match 'anything'. The following is an example of the switch statement:
grib_get examples
grib_get fails if a key is not found.
If you want to define your missing value=1111 and to print the string 'missing' in place of it
If you want to print the value of other keys with the data value list
grib_index_build examples
By default grib_index_build will index on the MARS keys.
To specify a custom list of keys to index on, use the -k option.
grib_ls examples
Without options a default list of keys is printed. The default list is different depending on the type of grib message.
To print offset and count number in file use the keys offset and count Also the total count in a set of files is available as countTotal
To list only a subset of messages use the -w (where option). Only the pressure levels are listed with the following line.
All the grib messages not on pressure levels are listed as follows:
To get the closest grid point to a latitude/longitude.
To get a list ordered by the 'level' key (ascending order).
Note: we need to specify the ':i' to get a numerical sort. By default values are sorted as strings so a level of 100 would come before 20!
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grib_set examples
To set productDefinitionTemplateNumber=2 only for the fields with productDefinitionTemplateNumber=11
To set productDefinitionTemplateNumber=2 only for the fields for which productDefinitionTemplateNumber is not equal to 11
When a key is not used all the bits of its value should be set to 1 to indicate that it is missing. Since the length (number of octet) is different from a key to another, the value that we have to code for missing keys is not unique. To give an easy way to set a key to missing a string 'missing' or 'MISSING' is accepted by grib_set as follows:
Since some values can not be set to missing you can get an error for those keys.
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To set scaleFactorOfSecondFixedSurface to missing only for the fields for which scaleFactorOfSecondFixedSurface is not missing:
It is possible to produce a GRIB edition 2 file from a GRIB edition 1 by just changing the edition number with grib_set. However it is important that you carefully inspect the output and check the information is correctly translated.
For more details please see: https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/ECC/GRIB%3A+Converting+edition+1+to+2
With grib edition 2 is possible to compress data using the jpeg algorithm. To change packing algorithm from grid_simple (simple packing) to grid_jpeg (jpeg2000 packing):
It's possible to ask ecCodes to calculate the number of bits per value needed to pack a given field with a fixed number of decimal digits of precision. For example if we want to pack a temperature expressed in Kelvin with 1 digits of precision after the decimal point we can set changeDecimalPrecision=1
grib_to_netcdf examples
Produce a NetCDF file from grib edition 1
If your grib file has analysis and 6-hour forecast, then ignore keys 'type' and 'step'. Thus type=an/fc and step=00/06 will not be considered as netcdf dimensions.
Do not use time of validity. If time of validity is used, it means the 1D time coordinate is considered as date+time+step, otherwise 3 different dimensions are created. The default behaviour is to use the time of validity.
Produce NetCDF with data type of FLOAT (32bit floating-point, for higher precision). Note these types were chosen to provide a reasonably wide range of trade-offs between data precision and number of bits required for each value
Set the netcdf dimension 'time' to be unlimited i.e. time can have unlimited length so variables using this dimension can grow along this dimension.
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